The Code: Bushido vs. Chivalry
Europe and Japan are separated by thousands of miles, so samurai never encountered medieval knights. For centuries, Japan functioned as a closed society, communicating very little, if at all, with the outside world.
It's logical, then, that the samurai followed their own unique code, uninfluenced by external forces. This code is known as Bushido, or "The Way of the Warrior."
Bushido is deeply rooted in Buddhism and Confucianism, whereas medieval knights were Christians. Despite the differences in religious philosophies, both types of warriors upheld similar values. Loyalty to their lord and honorable conduct were paramount to both samurai and knights.
Armor: Crafting Protection for Battle
Like knights, samurai wore armor. In the 15th century, samurai commonly used two types of armor: one for infantry units and another for mounted warriors.
Both were sophisticated armors composed of numerous metal or leather fragments, forming highly effective protection against piercing attacks and arrows.
Unlike knights, samurai were exceptional archers. Armor makers had to account for this, resulting in samurai being somewhat less protected than medieval knights. Knights didn't need to draw a bowstring and could have armor covering their entire arms. Samurai required less arm protection to effectively handle their bows.
Weapons: Katana and Beyond
The iconic katana was the fundamental weapon of the samurai, though it wasn't used throughout the entire samurai era. Before the katana, the primary weapon was the tachi, a sword with greater curvature, most effective from horseback. Standard samurai equipment also included a bow and spear.
Medieval knights employed a wider array of weapons to defeat their foes. The foundation was the one-handed sword, usually accompanied by a shield for defense and offense. Long two-handed swords were also commonly used.
Piercing and slashing weapons weren't highly effective against heavily armored knights. To destroy armor—and thus the opponent—knights used maces and other blunt weapons designed specifically to compromise armor integrity.